The design of a turboshaft speed governor using modern control techniques

The objectives of this program were: to verify the model of off schedule compressor variable geometry in the T700 turboshaft engine nonlinear model; to evaluate the use of the pseudo-random binary noise (PRBN) technique for obtaining engine frequency response data; and to design a high performance power turbine speed governor using modern control methods. Reduction of T700 engine test data generated at NASA-Lewis indicated that the off schedule variable geometry effects were accurate as modeled. Analysis also showed that the PRBN technique combined with the maximum likelihood model identification method produced a Bode frequency response that was as accurate as the response obtained from standard sinewave testing methods. The frequency response verified the accuracy of linear models consisting of engine partial derivatives and used for design. A power turbine governor was designed using the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) method of full state feedback control. A Kalman filter observer was used to estimate helicopter main rotor blade velocity. Compared to the baseline T700 power turbine speed governor, the LQR governor reduced droop up to 25 percent for a 490 shaft horsepower transient in 0.1 sec simulating a wind gust, and up to 85 percent for a 700 shaft horsepower transient in 0.5 sec simulating a large collective pitch angle transient

Intervenção e atividades propostas para o diagnóstico de enfermagem: ventilação espontânea prejudicada Intervención y actividades propuestas para el diagnóstico de enfermería: ventilación espontánea perjudicada Intervention and proposed activities for the nursing diagnosis: impaired spontaneous ventilation

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as intervenções e atividades de enfermagem propostas pela literatura para o diagnóstico de enfermagem ventilação espontânea prejudicada. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, nos bancos de dados MEDLINE e LILACS, utilizando os unitermos: Ventilação Mecânica, Diagnóstico de Enfermagem, Cuidados Intensivos e Cuidados de Enfermagem. A amostra foi constituída de 15 artigos, em oito deles foram identificados 20 cuidados que poderiam se relacionar às intervenções e atividades de enfermagem aplicadas ao paciente em ventilação mecânica, propostas na Classificação das Intervenções de Enfermagem. Entre esses cuidados, apenas oito equivaleram-se às intervenções prioritárias. Mas, nas intervenções sugeridas existem atividades para praticamente todos os cuidados desta revisão. Este estudo demonstrou que, apesar da importância dos cuidados aplicados aos pacientes em ventilação mecânica, estes, não são considerados como específicos da enfermagem, e a maioria não está presente na literatura.<br>Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las intervenciones y actividades de enfermería propuestas por la literatura para el diagnóstico de enfermería de ventilación espontánea perjudicada. Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura, en los bancos de dados MEDLINE y LILACS, utilizando los unitermos: Ventilación Mecánica, Diagnóstico de Enfermería, Cuidados Intensivos y Cuidados de Enfermería. La muestra fue constituida de 15 artículos, en ocho de ellos fueron identificados 20 cuidados que podrían relacionarse a las intervenciones y actividades de enfermería aplicadas al paciente con ventilación mecánica, propuestas en la Clasificación de las Intervenciones de Enfermería. Entre esos cuidados, apenas ocho fueron equivalentes a intervenciones prioritarias. Sin embargo, en las intervenciones sugeridas existen actividades para prácticamente todos los cuidados de esta revisión. Este estudio demostró que, a pesar de la importancia de los cuidados aplicados a los pacientes en ventilación mecánica, estos no son considerados como específicos de la enfermería, y la mayoría no está presente en la literatura.<br>This study aimed to investigate the nursing interventions and activities proposed in the literature for the nursing diagnosis of impaired spontaneous ventilation. It was an integrative literature review, on the databanks of MEDLINE and LILACS using the terms: Mechanical Ventilation, Nursing Diagnosis, Intensive Care and Nursing Care. The sample consisted of 15 articles; in eight of them were identified 20 references of care that could be related to activities and interventions of nursing care, applied in patients with mechanical ventilation, as proposed in the Classification of Nursing Interventions. Among those cares, only eight were equivalent to priority interventions. However, in the suggested interventions were activities for, virtually, all cares of this review. This study showed that, despite the importance of care applied to patients on mechanical ventilation, they are not considered as being specific of nursing, and the majority is not present in the literature

Genomewide Clonal Analysis of Lethal Mutations in the Drosophila melanogaster Eye: Comparison of the X Chromosome and Autosomes

Using a large consortium of undergraduate students in an organized program at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), we have undertaken a functional genomic screen in the Drosophila eye. In addition to the educational value of discovery-based learning, this article presents the first comprehensive genomewide analysis of essential genes involved in eye development. The data reveal the surprising result that the X chromosome has almost twice the frequency of essential genes involved in eye development as that found on the autosomes